Irish Take on Money

If you want to know what God thinks of money, just look at who He gives it to.
- Irish Sayings & Wisdom

Symbols of the Evangelists

When I was in Dublin in 2002 I visited Trinity college and got a glimpse of the Book of Kells, the finest surviving illuminated manuscript to have been produced in medieval Europe. The book contains the four Gospels.

Symbols of the Four Evangelists
From the Book of Kells

Folio 27 of the book contains an illumination of the symbols of the four Evangelists.

St. Matthew - a Man (upper left)
St. Matthew's Gospel begins with a description of the human generation of Christ; thus, his symbol is the face of a man.

St. Mark - a Lion (upper right)
St. Mark's Gospel begins with the prophecy of Isaias about St. John the Baptist proclaiming the Lord's coming. The Baptist lived many years in the wilderness among lions and other beasts; thus, his symbol is a lion.

St. Luke - an Ox (lower left)
St. Luke's Gospel treats more than the rest with our Lord's suffering and death as a sacrifice for our sins -- and an ox served as a symbol of sacrifice.

St. John - an Eagle (lower right)
St. John is pictured as an eagle because His Gospel soars to spiritual heights in its elevated preaching.

In principio erat Verbum, et Verbum erat apud Deum, at Deus erat Verbum.

Downpatrick

Downpatrick is the town in the north of Ireland, some 20 miles south of Belfast, where St. Patrick is buried (this is atop Cathedral Hill). The town's name is derived from the old Irish name Dún Pádraig, which means Patrick's Fort. While I was there in 2002 I picked seven clovers from the spot and gave them to friends as souveniers.

Kneeling at St. Patrick's Grave, 2002

The other day I was showing photos of the trip to colleagues at the office, and one person asked why I was smiling at someone's grave.

We were interrupted before I could give a reply, but the answer is that the person buried there is a saint in Heaven, which is cause for a great deal of smiling if you ask me (Luke 15:7).

Ut ad altare Domini memineritis mei.

Maireann croí éadrom i bhfad

Maireann croí éadrom i bhfad =
A light heart lives longest (in Gaelic)

Erin go bragh

Chieftains

WHAT: The Chieftains, Ireland's official musical ambassadors
WHEN: Saturday, February 28, 2009, 8:00 PM
WHERE: The Fabulous Fox Theatre, Atlanta

I saw the Chieftains perform a few years ago at Chastain Park. They're back in town this weekend; I'd planned to go, but ran into a complication with the arrival of out-of-town company. Missing the show will be a good little sacrifice to offer up for Lent.

Forty-three albums of traditional Irish music in forty-four years: not a bad run at all.

Not Yet 2:00

"I did my best for you, son. I gave you all I had. More than anything I wanted to pass on to you the one heritage of the men of our family, a certain quality of spirit, a sense of duty, a nobility worn lightly, a sweetness, a gentleness with women -- the only good things the South ever had and the only things that really matter in this life..."
-The Moviegoer, p. 224; Walker Percy

Southerners are gifted at imagining what might have been. It is a melancholic quality, I think, they share with the Irish.

For the great Gaels of Ireland
Are the men that God made mad,
For all their wars are merry,
And all their songs are sad.
- The Ballad of the White Horse, Book 2; G.K. Chesterton

This Little American Went to Ireland

In 2002 I spent two weeks in Ireland. After returning home I attempted to write a short description, but I failed miserably: the description was long. I tried to organize my account chronologically with a few random tidbits at the end that I thought might be of general interest; hopefully the headings will help readers identify the parts they're interested in so that they can skip the rest.

Erin-go-bragh,
Sean

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Ports of Call in Eire

Thursday, May 30
Flew into Shannon Airport. On the drive from the airport to the hotel, our cabbie humored me by pronouncing the names of all the road signs in Gaelic; I gave him a good tip. My first official meal was fish and chips and a pint of Guinness. Viewed the beautiful Cliffs of Moher, an impressive wall of rock that rises to nearly 700 feet; the site was breathtaking. Climbed to the tower atop the cliffs while to the sound of a busker playing his Irish bagpipes.

Friday, May 31
Drove through Limerick and the Glen of Aherlow to Cashel. Saw the ecclesiastical ruins at the rock of Cashel, where St. Patrick’s original cross is displayed. Cromwell’s troops burned the roof off the place and slaughtered many of the locals in the 1640’s, and it never really recovered (a common theme for many of the spots I visited). The place was originally a pagan site; it was St. Patrick who baptized the local king. Legend has it that during the baptism, the aged cleric stumbled and caught himself with his crozier; unfortunately, in planting the crozier he landed on the king’s foot and pierced it through. The catechumen king, not familiar with the details of the new faith, thought a pierced foot was just part of the ceremony and said nothing; the remaining locals proved understandably slow to convert afterwards. The Mass for the day was of the Queenship of Mary.

Saturday, June 1
Visited Ardfert Cathedral in Tralee, a complex of churches linked to St. Brendan. Had the best weather in months to see the verdant Dingle Peninsula, the westernmost point of Europe. Stopped at Gallarus Oratory, the best preserved early Christian church in Ireland. Today being first Saturday, I went to Confession: Fr. Kinney and I “borrowed” the confessional in a nearby cathedral; when we came out, the priest and a short line of penitents were eyeing us curiously. I lost a roll of film I had taken the first few days, and 10 rolls of unused film (pronounced “fill-um” by the locals).

Sunday, June 2
Saw the Ring of Kerry: around the highest mountains, the Magillycuddy’s Reeks, and several remote villages (favorite village name: Sneem). Saw Skillig Michael from a distance. During the bus trip Fr. Kinney let me lead the rosary; someone said I prayed with an Irish accent. The tour guide said that a name with the letter “O” in it signifies “son of,” so that “O’Neal” means son of Neal (or Niall of the Nine Hostages); he also said that “Fitz” means “illegitimate son of,” though an Irish acquaintance disputed that point. And we learned that “Kennedy” means “ugly head.” Thus, if our driver is to be believed, “John Fitzgerald Kennedy” means “John the illegitimate son of Gerald the Ugly Head.”

Monday, June 3
Visited the beautiful Bantry House. Kinsale next: a pretty yachting town. Then to Cork, the country’s second largest city. Its cathedral -- named for the city’s patron, Saint Finbarr -- was magnificent; a funeral was just finishing when we arrived. Mass was held in the SSPX chapel, a pretty little church.

Tuesday, June 4
Visited the Waterford Crystal showrooms and factory. Then to Kilkenny to tour Kilkenny Castle (a real eyepopper) and St. Canice’s Cathedral (now Church of Ireland). I didn’t see the signs that said no photos, and took a great frontal pic of the main altar; a local promptly grabbed me from behind and gave me a shake to warn me off -- apparently they consider it bad form to take photos inside a church. So I amused myself by looking through the card and gift shop situated in the back of the church’s nave (no, I’m not making that up).

Wednesday, June 5
Traveled through Vale of Avoca to Glendalough (my favorite spot of the trip), with the 6th century monastic settlement of St. Kevin with the ruins of seven churches and a round tower in a lakeside setting. Saw the Powerscourt Gardens.

Thursday, June 6
Dublin with a tour of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, Ireland’s largest church, founded beside a sacred well where St. Patrick baptized converts; Christ Church Cathedral; and Trinity College, which houses the Book of Kells. The tour guide for the two cathedrals was an apologetic Catholic who said she was proud that Ireland’s first president was a Protestant. When she gave her account of the plight of the poor Huguenots who had fled to Ireland to escape persecution in France, she found that a few of the pilgrims liked their history on the less revisionist side. During the city tour we also saw Sinn Fein’s Gerry Adams in the company of a local city official; we didn’t stop for autographs. On our own we hiked about until we found the church where Venerable Matt Talbot is buried: this saintly man helped start a group called the Pioneers, a Catholic society that helps drunks get sober. Fr. Kinney left us today, and we met Fr. Gallagher, who remained with us the rest of the trip.

Friday, June 7
Saw Boyne Valley and Drogheda; visited St. Peter’s Church and saw the skull of St. Oliver Plunkett. Next was Monasterboice, dating from the 5th century and famous for its collection of Celtic high crosses. North to Downpatrick and its Cathedral, the burial place of Saints Patrick, Bridget, and Columcille. The trio of saints of Downpatrick are buried in the same spot under a great slab of stone; I gathered seven shamrocks from beside the three-in-one grave. Ended the day in NewCastle; my room overlooked the sea, and the sound of lapping waves was a welcome change to the drink-inspired ballads of late-night Dubliners.

Saturday, June 8
Ancient city of Armagh, the spiritual capital of Ireland for over 1,500 years, with two cathedrals of St. Patrick (one Catholic, the other Anglican). Saw the Ulster American Folk Park in Omagh. Traveled to St. Patrick’s Purgatory, an inhospitable island where penitential souls can mortify their senses for as long as they can bare the strong cold winds. Bedded down in Donegal.

Sunday, June 9
Morning Mass was in the hotel conference room. Today was the feast day of St. Columcille, and Donegal was the saint’s diocese – which made it a first class feast for us, a real grace. Headed south along Donegal Bay to Sligo by Lough Gill, with a Mass rock and the holy well at Tobernault. Visited the grave of W.B. Yeats; didn’t know he’d been Anglican. South to Knock Shrine, site of an approved apparition of Our Lady. In 1879, the Blessed Virgin appeared with St. Joseph and St. John the Evangelist; she did not speak, but the image was witnessed by about 15 people. A holy well also stands in the town next to the shrine, as well as a horrifically ugly modern basilica. Evening cruise on Lough Corrib.

Monday, June 10
West of Galway through the mountainous Connemara region. Saw Kylemore Abbey, a 19th century neo-Gothic mansion. Quick stop at Croagh Patrick, an isolated quartzite mountain, on which St. Patrick spent 40 days and nights, fasting and praying.

Tuesday, June 11 – Saturday, June 15
Most of the pilgrims flew home June 11; I flew on to London to visit trad friends. I toured Parliament building, Westminster Abbey, London Tower (where the body of St. Thomas More is locked up and seen only by special appointment), and Oxford University (got a picture of me standing outside the Eagle and Child tavern). Flew home the 15th.

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The Land of Scholars and Saints
Roughly the size of the state of Maine, Ireland is dotted coast to coast with ancient churches, cathedrals, abbeys, monasteries, and cemeteries. Most are ruins; those that have been maintained are likely not Catholic any more, but the property of the Church of Ireland. After seeing a number of once-Catholic structures in the hands of the Anglicans, several pilgrims became a bit warm under the collar and were heard to mutter, “This is *another* beautiful church they stole from us.” It was both moving and sad to see so many clear signs of the Faith, and to see so little awareness or even thought about it: drinking, the World Cup, and the European Union were the hot topics; one day I even sat next to a nun in a cafeteria, and all she would discuss was the exchange rate on the Euro. Though still a very charming people, the piety that inspired their Irish ancestors seemed all but lost.

Irish Piety
The Irish were always devout people, who were strong on pious devotions if not on doctrine. It was a common occurrence for the faithful to pray rosaries, offer novenas, attend Mass; what they were not prepared for was the defection from the Faith of their bishops over the past forty years, who have been leading the flock down the same path that has led to the general apostasy that afflicts the rest of Europe and America. Northern Ireland (called Ulster) was formerly the stronghold of Catholicism, so the English imported many English and Scottish landlords there to weaken that bastion of the Faith. The city of Cork in the south has always been strongly Catholic – so much so that legends claim when Ireland sinks beneath the waves at the time of the Antichrist, pious Cork will float (see “Irish Humor” below).

The old Irish people were Catholic inside and out, working their religion into all their affairs. For example, a thousand years ago an Irishman would greet his neighbor in the Irish tongue not with “Hello” or “Good day,” but with “God be with you,” to which his neighbor would reply, “God and Mary be with you.” And if the first fellow was in an especially talkative mood, he might reply in turn, “God and Mary and St. Patrick be with you,” and so on until an Irish litany of the saints had been exchanged. That’s changing these days as the Irish culture is being steadily secularized: the Gaelic being taught in the schools is deliberately devoid of religious allusions, so that “good day” is simply “good day.”

In Ireland many girls are named Mary, or Mora in the Gaelic, in honor of the Mother of God. There is, however, a special form for the name of the Blessed Virgin in Irish, which is Moira, and no Irish girl is ever given that name (just as little boys in English-speaking families are not named Jesus).

The Irish Cross
The pagan Irish worshipped the sun. When the people of the land were christened, the symbol of the cross was merged with the symbol of the sun, thus producing the Irish cross we’re familiar with today. Irish cemeteries are filled with tombstones and markers in the shape of the Irish cross (no graves marked with simple name plates for these people).

Irish Humor
The Irish I came across laughed a good bit, and were quick with the witticisms. For example, when asked why most of the stone bridges were arched instead of flat, the tour guide said it was so that the fish could fit under them. One pub boasted the sign “Drinking Consultants,” and a women’s hairdressing shop was named “Curl Up and Dye.” The folks of Kerry (called Kerrymen) are the butt of many jokes, though the English are usually fair game as well. I heard that the Irish play Bingo in Latin so that the Protestants won’t win. A group of Irish locals known as the travelers are the Gaelic version of Gypsies, and are said to be the sort of folks “who find things before they’re lost.” The Museum of Natural History is known among locals as the Dead Animal Zoo.

Keeping Ireland Green
Though it boasts a population of only some five million souls, Ireland today is among the ten wealthiest nations in the world: the Irish have learned a thing or two from the Americans about the lucrative tourism industry (i.e., no more ashes for Angela). Many tourists want to punctuate their forays among the ruined abbeys in the Land of Guinness with trips to the country’s many quaint gift shops. The Euro is the coin of the land.

Troubled Times
Ireland was publicly Catholic until the years following the reign of Henry VIII. Life didn’t really become desperate for the Irish, however, until the arrival of the Puritan cavalry commander Cromwell; it was a common theme to hear from the tour guide, “And this church stood for ten centuries, until Cromwell burnt it to the ground and killed the inhabitants.” For over two centuries, the Irish were not allowed to practice the Catholic Faith; the faithful had to hide their priests and conduct Masses in the wild on Mass Rocks. Catholics paid a fine for being Catholic, could not vote, be elected to an office, or own property or an animal worth more then five pounds -- they even built their houses with narrow windows because the English taxed them for the amount of sunlight let into their homes. The official persecution ended in the 19th century, and Irish independence followed in the first half of the 20th century.

Tuber Terror
In the mid 19th century Ireland was afflicted by a potato famine. The potato crops were infected by a fungus that had blown across the Atlantic from South America; the problem was compounded by the actions of absentee landlords (usually in England) who evicted starving peasants that could not pay their rents during the famine. At the time the population of Ireland was eight million souls; about one million Irish died in the famine, and another two million left the country, often for America. Today about 40 million Americans claim Irish ancestry (including yours truly).

Irish Breakfasts
I ate a big breakfast nearly every day of my trip. The normal routine in the hotel was to help yourself to fruit, a bowl of cereal, yogurt, and fruit juices; after sitting down to this repast, a waiter would come by and ask how you would like your eggs, bacon (ham for us), sausage, and tomato prepared; once when I said I wanted only the egg and bacon my waiter stared at me disbelievingly. Coffee and tea were served with every meal.

The Irish Harp
The Harp of Brian Boru (the 10th or so century Irish king who chased the Vikings out of Ireland) is the official emblem of Ireland.

Some Irish Words
* Beannachta Dia leat = God bless you
* Oro se do bheatha bhaile = Welcome home
* I acquired an Irish drum called a Bodhrán, which is pronounced something like "BOW-run."